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The latest research published in the journal "Science Advances" shows that microorganisms present in various hospitals and textiles are the main cause of death.
Research by Mr. Otávio Augusto and his team has shown that manufacturing antibacterial textiles for hospitals will help eliminate such bacteria and fungi.
The green synthesis process of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is very beneficial to hospital cotton fabrics.
Beet extract is effectively used to make this green sterilization smart textile, which can be used in hospital bed sheets and pillows to prevent the spread of dangerous diseases through contact.
Nanoparticle biosynthesis scheme using plant extracts. Image source: dos Santos, OL Science Advances
The size of the silver nanoparticles used in this study is 1 to 100 nm. They are synthesized in the reaction medium and can be used to generate stable nuclei.
The step called growth results in larger particles, and the radical modification of the stabilizing composition is responsible for the particles of various sizes and shapes. Due to the high cost of chemical and physical processes and the use of toxic compounds, the synthesis and utilization of nanoparticles has become a great difficulty. Therefore, green synthesis is the only viable option.
The green nanotechnology synthesis used in this study is mediated by plant extracts, cell extracts, algae and other biomolecules. Plant extracts are highly appreciated for their cheap and efficient process. The ion decomposition in the metal substrate liquid system is a sustainable development process of AgNPs nanoparticles. The silver ions are reduced to silver and begin the nucleation process. This is essential for the stability of nanoparticles.
Beetroot is effectively used. Cut it into 2-3 cm long pieces and heat to boiling point. The solution extract is filtered and stored at a low temperature of about 4 °C. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles is performed in precise ratios of 1:50, 1:25, 1:10, 1:5 and 1:2.
In the latest research, basic stability analysis is performed by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and then X-ray spectrum analysis is performed through a dispersive energy process. Characterization is the next important step defined in the research, and the TESCAN VEGA3 electron microscope is operated at 200 kV to effectively complete the process. Then a stable aqueous dispersion of silver nanoparticles was used for Zeta potential analysis.
The final step involves verifying the antibacterial properties through the use of antibacterial assays, disc diffusion, liquid growth inhibition, and MTT assays. All processes and related steps are mentioned in the research, providing insights on the advantages and disadvantages of the new concept.
SEM observation of AgNP in samples (A) 1:2, (B) 1:5, (C) 1:10, (D) 1:25 and (E) 1:50 dispersed in gauze fibers. Image source: dos Santos, OL Science Advances
The latest research shows that the color of the nano-extract has changed from red-purple to red-brown and gray-brown. US-Siv spectrophotometry confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles.
Samples 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:25 and 1:50 show typical AgNPs spectra, with the maximum values obtained at 442 nm, 429 nm, 439 nm, 449 nm and 431 nm, respectively. This is proof of the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles ranging in size from 35 to 80 nm.
Observe the dispersion in hospital and medical-related textiles through the scanning electron microscope process. The precipitation of these particles on the surface of the textile component was observed. This process is also applicable to medical gauze fibers. Observe the two layers of fibers and take images for thorough analysis.
This indicates that 1:5 and 1:10 particles have a higher number of nanoparticles in their respective samples. The smaller particles in the 1:25 and 1:50 samples are the reason for the reduced reactivity. Transmission electron microscopy is a key step in identifying spherical particles with a particle size of less than 100 nm.
This study tested the resistance of hospital textiles impregnated with AgNPs to different microorganisms. 1:2, 1:5, 1:10 samples are valid for all microorganisms, while 1:25 and 1:50 are considered invalid. The results also confirmed that Gram-negative bacteria are less sensitive than Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, it is confirmed that silver nanoparticles affect various cytochemical processes and successfully fight against elastic microorganisms.
TEM of AgNP in samples (A) 1:2, (B) 1:5, (C) 1:10, (D) 1:25 and (E) 1:50. Image source: dos Santos, OL Science Advances
Silver nanoparticles for green synthesis have proven to be beneficial and effective, leading to the rapid implementation of this technology in various healthcare hospitals and basically all sectors that require clean and sterile components (especially textiles).
However, some limitations have also been noted, such as the complexity and reduction of plant extracts and changes in composition. The focus of this study is a single beet root extract; the results will be different from other extracts. However, due to these factors, the effectiveness of this process cannot be denied.
In short, this new technology in Science Advances has truly revolutionized the use of medical textiles, and the implementation of nanoparticles has been proven not only to be conducive to the termination of microorganisms, but also to a green and sustainable environmentally friendly synthesis process.
dos Santos, OL, Araujo, I. d., Silva, F. d., Sales, MN, Christoffolet, MA and Backx, BP (2021). Surface modification of textiles through green nanotechnology to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Science Progress, 21. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086521001533
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Ibtisam graduated from the Islamabad Institute of Space Technology with a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering. During his academic career, he participated in multiple research projects and successfully managed multiple extracurricular activities such as International World Space Week and International Aerospace Engineering Conference. Ibtisam participated in an English essay competition during his undergraduate course and has always been interested in research, writing and editing. Soon after graduation, he joined AzoNetwork as a freelancer to improve his skills. Ibtisam likes to travel, especially to the countryside. He has always been a sports fan and likes watching tennis, football and cricket. Ibtisam was born in Pakistan and one day hopes to travel the world, build strong bonds of friendship, and spread the message of peace and love.
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